Bruno Meessen

The Performance Based Financing Community of Practice (PBF CoP) started 3 years ago in Bujumbura and hasn't stopped growing since then.  We have the pleasure to present you Dr. Fodé Cissé who, two weeks ago, became the 1000th member of the PBF CoP. We wish him a warm welcome and hope that he will enjoy our knowledge community. Fodé registered from Kigali, where he was following a PBF training.


Dear Fodé, we would like to know more about the 1000th member of the PBF CoP. Could you please introduce yourself?

I am 39 years old and I have the Guinean nationality. I'm married and father of 3. I'm a medical doctor, specialized in the management of health services. After having finished my medical studies, I worked for Médecins Sans Frontières Belgium from 2000 till 2002, on a project taking care of Tuberculosis and HIV in Guinea. After that I joined the Ministry of Public Health in 2004 after having finished my Master in Management of Health Services. There, I was responsible for the follow-up evaluation of the TB Program (2004-2007).  I was also Head of the Global Fund project (2007-2012). In this position, I did several international consultancies dealing with the design and implementation of health projects.  At the moment, I work for the Strategies and Development Office of the Ministry of Public Health, where I am in charge of studies and planning.

You registered to the CoP from Kigali. Could you please tell us a bit about what you learned from your stay in Rwanda?

It was my second stay in Rwanda. Every time I come here, I think about the principles of non-violence and the love of one’s neighbor. The genocide sufficiently proves that mankind is ready to do anything in order to achieve its goals. This tragedy should inspire all people of the world in general and African people in particular who are getting introduced to democracy. This introduction sometimes causes a fratricidal struggle between brothers and sisters of the same village who have lived together peacefully for a long time. As far as the health system of Rwanda is concerned, I found that, compared to our system, it has a high standard. The Performance Based Financing system is already operational; I've also been able to see that it has been adapted to the Rwandese situation.

Do you think that PBF has a future in Guinea?  According to you, what problems of the health system could this strategy, at least partly, address?

To your question whether the FBP has any future in Guinea I can say "yes", without any doubt. The Guinean health system  – just like the health system of other countries of the sub-region - suffers from structural weaknesses, which impede to achieve the Millennium Development Goals.  Among these weaknesses, I particularly think of the problem of financing the sector, the lack of access to quality care and the poor governance. Looking at these shortcomings, the introduction of the PBF will undoubtedly allow breathing new life into the health system of my country: the Primary Health Care strategy, as it has been implemented till now, has shown its limitations.

Therefore, I call upon the Guinean health authorities on all levels, as well as their technical and financial partners, to adopt PBF as a new instrument to resolve the recurring problems which our health system is currently facing.    

Yamba Kafando


From November 25-28, 2013, a workshop on maternal health fee exemption policies is being organised in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Its objective is to draw conclusions on such policies through research results and the experiences of key actors. 

For more than a decade now, a number of African countries have been implementing national fee exemption policies targeting certain services (HIV, malaria, deliveries, Caesarean sections, etc…) or specific population categories (children under 5, pregnant women, the elderly, etc…). The objective of most of these policies is to increase chances of reaching the MDGs and also to reduce financial barriers to accessing health care.

If there is one major shortcoming, however, it is that most of these policies were hurriedly implemented, began on a national scale without a pilot phase, and worse, without having designed or put in place any evaluation mechanisms to measure their effects.

Knowledge on fee exemption schemes: much production, but too little sharing and utilisation

Such highly political processes and hasty implementation present clear methodological challenges to those who wish to evaluate fee exemption schemes. And yet, many different research programs have undertaken studies on the subject and their results are now starting to become available. A number of NGOs have documented their fee exemption interventions. Managers of fee exemption schemes and front-line implementers also have important tacit knowledge that should be shared.

One common characteristic of the period in which these policies were implemented (2000-2010), is that there existed no platform in place for exchange and knowledge management among implementing countries. No doubt this at least partially explains why technical and scientific knowledge already available at the time was rarely used to improve fee exemption policies, leading to a cycle of repeating the same avoidable mistakes.

This situation did, however, lead people to realize the importance of creating such a platform for knowledge and experience sharing, and as such, the Financial Access to Health Services Community of practice (FAHS CoP) was launched.

A more scientific workshop

So it is with great pleasure – and we think a fair amount of legitimacy, that the FAHS CoP announces the upcoming workshop in Ouagadougou dedicated to the evaluation of maternal health services fee exemptions in Africa.

Many of you will remember the one held in Bamako in November 2011. With this upcoming, and most likely last CoP workshop on the topic, we feel confident we can close this chapter of knowledge production.The Ouagadougou workshop will be more scientific than Bamako was: it will allow us to highlight and share the knowledge created through studies carried out on maternal health fee exemptions by different research consortiums, including those linked to the FEMHealth project, the University of Montreal and the University of Heidelberg.

The workshop aims to bring together countries implementing maternal health fee exemptions with research teams who have been investigating these policies in Africa. The goal of this workshop will not be to judge the choices countries have made regarding maternal health fee exemptions, but rather to help them to make them more effective and efficient so as to improve the health of their populations.
 
In order to facilitate a maximum of exchange, a call for abstracts covering 10 themes has been issued not only for researchers, but also for managers and implementers of such schemes. We would like to invite you to share your experience on the topic through this blog, and also by submitting an abstract for the Ouagadougou workshop. On behalf of the Institute for Health Sciences Research (Ouagadougou), we look forward to welcoming you to Burkina Faso.

(Translation: Allison Kelley)

From 24th to 27th September 2012 , the Financial Access to Health Services Community of Practice co-organized, with Ministry of Health of Morocco and JLN, a workshop entitled "Equity in Universal Health Coverage: How to reach the poorest" in Marrakesh, Morocco. The workshop gathered policy makers, scheme managers, agency representatives, scholars and members of parliament. At the end of the workshop, a declaration was issued. The declaration engages participants, not the agencies or governments they work for. It marks their personal commitment to work for better access to health services for the poorest in Africa. You also can adhere to the Declaration on our facebook page. Join the movement and make your own personal commitment, even the most modest one.


We, as participants of the workshop on “Equity in UHC: How to reach the poorest”,
We as members of the communities of practice affiliated to “Harmonization for Health in Africa”,
We as experts involved in health systems in Africa,

Are conscious of the deep inequalities in terms of access to health care in our countries,
Are conscious of the impact of these inequalities on the health of the poorest,
Are conscious that access to health care for the poorest is dependent on our health systems,
Are conscious that assisting the indigents, the excluded, the poorest of the poor is inscribed in our shared human dignity.

We are enthusiastic about the growing interest of the African States and their partners in their efforts to improve universal health coverage.
We consider essential that this interest be translated as rapidly as possible into actions and concrete measures in order to benefit the poorest.

Consequently, we commit to taking action personally:
By supporting the implementation of strategies to improve access to health care for the poor.
By building on and accompanying the mechanisms to extend universal health coverage.
Finally, by continuing to focus all our energy on facilitating equitable access to health care in our countries.

Issued in Marrakesh, Morocco, September 27th 2012.

25 years ago, between the 3rd and the 7th of August 1987, the WHO organized an interregional meeting in Harare. The meeting, which was about the implementation of primary health care (following up of the Alma Ata conference in1978), ended with a statement that is known (or forgotten!) today as the Harare Declaration. By establishing the health district model as a reference strategy to organize and develop health services, this event shaped health systems in many poor countries. This strategy particularly shaped health service provision in rural Africa.

A few weeks later, UNICEF organized another regional meeting in Bamako. It went down in history as the Bamako Initiative. Its content is better known: it marked the introduction (or formalization) of user fees and that of community participation in resource management, including essential drugs now sold to users.

Like the vast majority of policies, these proposals were based on pilot experiments or similar approaches already in place in some countries, for example, the "health shops" of Mali (cost recovery) or the experience of health zones in Zaire (health district strategy).

25 years have passed. Globalization and new information technologies have profoundly changed the environment. The structural adjustments of the 80s are long gone. Today the continent is experiencing the strongest economic growth. Some countries have been able to exploit this new phenomenon for major changes in their health system and its financing. Rwanda has shown that the goal of universal coverage is not insane. But the continent is far from being homogeneous. HIV / AIDS is ravaging southern Africa. For the Horn of Africa to Central Africa and a fraction of West Africa, these 25 years have been plagued by armed conflicts. These shocks, coupled with the effects of the global economic crisis of the 80s, have been particularly harmful to health care systems. Many would argue that the potions that were administered to patients (structural adjustment programs, privatization, introduction of user charges...) have not helped, moreover, had long-term side-effects on health systems.

In the coming months, several communities of practice affiliated with “Harmonization for Health in Africa” (in 25 years, agencies have also realized the need to coordinate better!) will collaborate to develop a collective reflection on the Harare Declaration and Bamako Initiative. Several organizations have already indicated their willingness to be partners in this endeavor (if you work for an agency or an international organization and would like to help, please contact us). Like us, they believe that the issues identified in Harare and Bamako 25 years ago are still valid, although some updating is required.

We hope that this process can lead to a regional event in 2013. In the meantime, our intention is to tap our different technology platforms, especially this blog and our online discussion groups, to progress in the reflection.

This text is more than just an announcement of things that we will be producing. It is primarily a call for your contribution and input. They can be modest, such as helping us to widely spread our debates and discussions to people you know, or more ambitious, such as writing an article or a blog post or conducting an interview.



We count on your enthusiasm!

From April 16-20, 2012, two Communities of Practice - "Performance Based Financing" and "Financial Access" - gathered at a workshop in Bujumbura to discuss "Improving financial access to health care: the potential contributions of performance based financing." The workshop was largely built around the experience of Burundi - the first country to have merged its selective “free healthcare” policy (children under 5 and pregnant women)and performance-based financing (PBF) policy. Seeing and hearing about this original experience firsthand allowed participants to identify ways to improve the fee exemption policies existing in the health sector in their own countries.

Dr. Hamidou Oum Ramatou Ganda (HR), Director of the Organization of Care at the Ministry of Public Health of Niger answered Bruno Meessen (BM)’s questions.

BM: in 2006, Niger set up an ambitious free Caesarean-section and healthcare for under five children. During the workshop, you shared with us the difficulties this policy has encountered. You spoke of a national conference held in March around the fee exemption policy in Niger (the final declaration entitled "Free health care in Niger is seriously ill, let’s save it" is available in French here). What was the motivation for this conference?

RH: We realized that the level of government debt, which is the third-party payer for the fee exemption system, towards health facilities, is piling up. It is unable to make reimbursements; moreover there is no verification system in place. It was necessary to identify the bottlenecks and try to find solutions to sustain the health care fee exemption strategy.

The first bottleneck identified was financing. Beyond the public budget line, which does not cover all costs, there is no other source of funding. One goal of the workshop was to advocate for finding other financial means to continue the fee exemption policy. We also pointed out management problems, whether over-billing or the method used to reimburse health facilities. Finally, we also discussed the problem of drug supply and consumables, for it is only after having been reimbursed that health facilities can order and buy more drugs. Because of the lack of reimbursement, health facilities are running out of cash, and this creates either stock-outs or debts to private suppliers. As a result, the performance of health facilities is compromised in terms of effective provision of their package of activities.

One of the particularities of the national conference was to be multisectoral.

Indeed, we tried to bring together all stakeholders: beneficiaries, senior officials in the health sector, but also representatives of local governments, civil society, NGOs, technical and financial partners, and all other ministries directly or indirectly involved in the “free healthcare” policy: these include the ministries of education, labor ... We were 178 participants gathered together to highlight problems and outline solutions.

What progress has been made since the conference?

We are studying the most urgent issue, i.e. the reimbursement of the arrears that the state owes to health facilities. Moreover, all the recommendations from the conference are being converted into a roadmap with timelines and responsibility levels identified. It is followed closely by a committee that was established by a ministerial decree. This committee’s mandate is to ensure that all recommendations are implemented. This committee is headed by the deputy secretary general of the Ministry of Public Health, who must also report to the Prime Minister at least once a month. There political commitment is quite strong.

After this workshop in Bujumbura, would you have any additional recommendations besides those already made ​​at the National Conference?

I think we can already try to apply the system of verification and validation of invoices to our free healthcare, as it exists in PBF. This can be done without waiting for the national scale-up of PBF implementation. As for PBF, we are still in the study phase. We can apply PBF’s verification system to improve the free healthcare strategy, paying only the actual costs incurred and adjusting the system. To me, this is the main lesson.

Traduction: Emmanuel Ngabire